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. 2022 Feb 10;12(2):109. doi: 10.3390/bios12020109

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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An extra-large pore MSN platform for co-delivery of antigen and agonist. (A) A schematic of the fabrication and vaccination process of the extra-large pore MSN (XL-MSN) co-loaded with antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG. (B) Fluorescence imaging of mouse injected with RITC-labeled XL-MSN. Shows accumulation of nanoparticles towards the lymph nodes. (C) Percentage of activated CD11c + CD86 + BMDCs and percentage of BMDCs presenting antigenic SIINFEKL peptide on the MHC-molecule. Analysis was through flow cytometry. Concentrations for secreted cytokines TNF-α and IL-12 from BMDCs measured by ELISA. (D) Memory T cell population for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of vaccinated mice measured by flow cytometry. Error bars, mean ± s.d., * p < 0.05. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Ref. [123]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.