Table 3.

A brief overview of the advantages and limitations of optical and electrochemical aptasensors for virus detection.

Transducer Type	Advantages	Limitations	References
Optical	Real-time detection; reliable, high sensitivity	Sensitive to the surrounding environment; surface modification is one of the main challenges; bulky optical devices required	[114,129]
Electrochemical	Simplicity, miniaturization, low cost real-time detection; the possibility of continuous analysis on different analytes	Need redox elements to enhance the current production; time consuming; sensitive to the surrounding environment	[83,87]