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. 2022 Jan 18;10(2):202. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10020202

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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CONSORT flow diagram. NSAIDs, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. HA, hyaluronic acid. ESWT, extracorporeal shockwave therapy. VAS, visual analogue scale. KOOS, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome. WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. IKDC, International Knee Documentation Committee. ALK-p, alkaline phosphatase. COMP, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1. CTX-II, C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen. BMD, bone mineral density. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.