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. 2022 Feb 6;9(2):218. doi: 10.3390/children9020218

Table 1.

Patient and hernia characteristics, operative and outcome data per group.

Group 1 (n = 31) Group 2 (n = 30) p
Patient characteristics
 Gestational age at diagnosis (weeks) 25.28 ± 4.06 25.54 ± 3.85 0.807
 Gestational age at delivery (weeks) 35.99 ± 3.22 37.53 ± 1.44 0.020
 Weight at delivery (grams) 2413 ± 749 2825 ± 587 0.020
 Maternal age (years) 26.74 ± 6.37 26.23 ± 6.31 0.755
 Prenatal diagnosis 28 (90.3%) 29 (96.7%) 0.317
 Diagnosed syndrome 7 (22.6%) 7 (23.3%) 0.944
 Diagnosed chromosomal abnormality 3 (9.7%) 3 (10%) 0.966
 Diagnosed congenital heart disease 10 (32.3%) 8 (26.7%) 0.632
 Isolated CDH 21 (67.7%) 16 (53.3%) 0.249
 Male 19 (61.3%) 17 (56.7%) 0.714
 Patient age at the time of expiration (days) 19.94 ± 21.13 18.67 ± 420.96 0.029
 ECMO need 18 (58.1%) 24 (80%) 0.064
 Apgar score
  1 min 3.42 ± 2.69 3.89 ± 2.47 0.509
  5 min 5.43 ± 2.59 6.21 ± 2.27 0.257
 Length of hospital stay (days) 16.65 ± 21.05 75.76 ± 69.88 0.000
Hernia characteristics
 Presence of hernia sac 0 1 (3.3%) 0.000
 Liver up 18 (58.1%) 22 (73.3%) 0.747
 LHR 1.07 ± 0.42 0.99 ± 0.34 0.482
 O/E LHR 27.58 ± 10.83 24.55 ± 7.68 0.258
  <15% 1 (3.2%) 1 (3.3%)
  16–25% 13 (41.9%) 15 (50%)
  26–35% 6 (19.4%) 8 (26.7%)
  36–45% 1 (3.2%) 1 (3.3%)
  >45% 3 (9.7%) 0

Values expressed as means ± standard deviations or counts (percentage of the group). CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia. LHR indicates lung-to-head ratio; O/E LHR, observed to expected lung-to-head ratio; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; p refers to the measure of the probability that an observed difference could have occurred just by random chance.