Figure 2.

Functional circRNAs and their mechanisms in the development of chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance in genitourinary. Mostly, circRNAs bind the miRNAs, thus preventing the latter from regulating their mRNA targets. Rarely, circRNAs directly interact with proteins to perform their functions. The blue/red arrow presents the effect on drug sensitivity if the circRNAs are overexpressed. Circ_CCNB2 and hsa_circ_0035483 are identical and share the same color. EMT: epithelial–mesenchymal transition.