Abbreviation	Meaning	Abbreviation	Meaning
5-FU	5-fluorouracil	mAbs	monoclonal antibodies
ACT	adoptive cell therapies	MAIT	mucosal-associated invariant T
ADCC	antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity	MANAs	mutation-associated neoantigens
APCs	antigen-presenting cells	mCRC	metastatic CRC
bsAbs	bispecific antibodies	MDSCs	myeloid-derived suppressor cells
bsTCEs	T cell-engaging bsAbs	miRNA	microRNA
CAAs	cancer-associated antigens	MMR	mismatch repair
CAR-T cell	chimeric antigen receptor T cell	MSI	microsatellite instable
CEA	carcinoembryonic antigen	MSI-H	MSI-high
cGAS	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	MSS	microsatellite stable
CIMP	CpG island methylator phenotype	Nbs	nanobodies
CIN	chromosomal instability	NDV	Newcastle disease virus
CRC	colorectal cancer	NK	natural killer
ctDNA	circulating tumor DNA	NKG2	Natural Killer Group 2
CTLA-4	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	NLR	neutrophil-to-lymphocyte
DCs	dendritic cells	NSCLC	non-small-cell lung cancer
dMMR	MMR deficiency	PD-1	programmed cell death protein 1
DR5	death receptor 5	PD-L1	programmed cell death ligand 1
dsDNA	double stranded DNA	PFS	progression-free survival
EpCAM/CD326	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	pMMR	proficient MMR
EphA2	ephrin type-A receptor 2	PtdSer	phosphatidyl serine
FLT3L	Flt-3 Ligand	SNPs	single-nucleotide polymorphisms
Gal-9	galectin-9	STING	stimulator of interferon genes
GUCY2C	guanylyl cyclase C	STRs	short tandem repeats
HAVCR2	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	T regs	regulatory T cells
HLA	human leukocyte antigen	TAAs	tumor-associated antigens
HMGB1	high mobility group box 1 protein	TAG	tumor-associated glycoprotein
ICB	immune checkpoint blockade	TAMs	tumor-associated macrophages
IFNs	interferons	TCR	T cell receptor
ILs	interleukins	TGFβR2	transforming growth factor β receptor type 2
IMiDs	immunomodulatory drugs	TIL	tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
IT	immunotherapy	TIM-3	T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing-3
LAG-3	lymphocyte activation gene-3	TMB-H	high tumor mutational burden
lncRNA	long non-coding RNA	TME	tumor microenvironment