Table 2.
Changes from baseline in mental health and quality-of-life scores.
| Survey Period | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | T1-T0 | T2-T0 | T3-T0 | MID |
| Mental health | ||||
| COVID-19 peritraumatic distress (0–100) | −1.16 (−2.22 to −0.11; p = 0.028) | −2.65 (−3.73 to −1.57; p < 0.001) | −2.04 (−3.26 to −0.83; p < 0.001) | 6.54 |
| Depression (0–21) | 0.41 (0.11 to 0.71; p = 0.007) | 0.33 (−0.02 to 0.69; p = 0.059) | 0.51 (0.14 to 0.88; p = 0.006) | 1.85 |
| Anxiety (0–21) | 0.48 (0.24 to 0.72; p < 0.001) | 0.43 (0.13 to 0.73; p = 0.004) | 0.44 (0.08 to 0.80; p = 0.015) | 1.44 |
| Stress (0–21) | 0.28 (0.04 to 0.60; p = 0.081) | 0.36 (0.02 to 0.70; p = 0.037) | 0.49 (0.07 to 0.91; p = 0.019) | 1.82 |
| QOL | ||||
| Physical health (0–100) | 1.40 (−2.86 to 0.05; p = 0.054) | −1.64 (−3.25 to −0.04; p = 0.041) | −2.12 (−3.91 to −0.32; p = 0.019) | 9.42 |
| Psychological health (0–100) | −1.48 (−2.66 to −0.29; p = 0.013) | −0.80 (−2.06 to 0.45; p = 0.201) | −1.58 (−3.10 to −0.07; p = 0.037) | 7.44 |
| Social relationships (0–100) | −2.13 (−3.54 to −0.72; p = 0.003) | −2.08 (−3.54 to −0.61; p = 0.005) | −3.75 (−5.47 to −2.03; p < 0.001) | 8.04 |
| Environment (0–100) | −0.85 (−1.95 to 0.25; p = 0.122) | −0.72 (−1.94 to 0.51; p = 0.240) | −1.35 (−2.69 to 0.002; p = 0.046) | 6.96 |
| Overall QOL and general health (0–10) | −0.11 (−0.25 to 0.03; p = 0.114) | −0.004 (−0.24 to 0.23; p = 0.970) | 0.11 (−0.59 to 0.81; p = 0.753) | 0.80 |
Data are mean absolute difference (with 95% CI; p Value) from baseline (T0). The minimal important differences are displayed in the far most right column. MID: minimal important difference; QOL: quality of life.