Table 2.

Study of CAR-T in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Publication Year	Country and Region	Study Type	Target	Generation	Main Outcome
2018 [66]	City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.	Preclinical study	PSCA	Second generation	4-1BB-containing CARs show superior T cell persistence and control of disease compared with CD28-containing CARs.
2018 [61]	Philadelphia, PA, USA	Preclinical study	PSMA	Second generation	CAR-T cells could be enhanced by the co-expression of a dominant-negative TGF-βRII (dnTGF-βRII).
2019 [74]	Tehran, Iran	Preclinical study	PSMA	Second generation	NBPII-CAR- increases the antitumor activity of CAR-T cells.
2020 [75]	Freiburg, Germany	Preclinical study	D7-based PSMA-targeting	Second generation	D7-derived CAR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in combination with low-dose docetaxel.
2020 [76]	Shanghai, China	Preclinical study	IL-23 PSMA	Second generation	Duo-CAR-T cells co-expressed the IL-23mab and PSMAmAb has significant proliferation and activation effects.
2020 [77]	Xinjiang Medical University, China	Preclinical study	PSMA-CAR co-expression of ICR (an inverted chimeric cytokine receptor)	Second generation	Co-expression of ICR could significantly enhance sustained antitumor capabilities of PSMA-CAR-T cells.
2020 [78]	Shanghai, China	Preclinical study	NKG2D-CAR-T co-expression of IL7	Second generation	NKG2D-CAR-T cells performed significantly increased cytotoxicity against prostate cancer.
2021 [79]	Nanchang, Jiangxi, China	Preclinical study	B7-H3(CD276)	Second generation	B7-H3 CAR-T cells were highly cytotoxic to FIR treated PCSCs.

Abbreviations: Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TGF-βRII), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), Inverted chimeric cytokine Receptor (ICR), Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D), Interleukin-7 (IL-7), Fractionated irradiation (FIR), Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs).