Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample (n = 319, eyes = 516) of the Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) stratified by study group.
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational Age | GA ≥ 37 | GA 33–36 | GA 29–32 | GA ≤ 28 | GA ≤ 32 | GA ≤ 32 |
| no ROP | no ROP | no ROP | ROP without Treatment |
ROP
with Treatment |
||
| Participants/eyes (n) | 113/182 | 100/160 | 61/101 | 11/18 | 28/45 | 6/10 |
| Sex (women) (%) | 68 (60.2) | 61 (61.0) | 34 (55.7) | 7 (63.6) | 15 (53.6) | 3 (50.0) |
| Age (y) | 30.0 ± 9.2 | 30.2 ± 9.3 | 27.5 ± 7.7 | 23.5 ± 7.5 | 25.1 ± 6.1 | 25.2 ± 4.6 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3421 ± 389 | 2112 ± 479 | 1563 ± 337 | 931 ± 215 | 1068 ± 380 | 708 ± 143 |
| Birth weight < 1500 g (yes) | 0 (0%) | 9 (9.0%) | 25 (41.0%) | 11 (100%) | 24 (85.7%) | 6 (100%) |
| Birth weight < 1000 g (yes) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (6.6%) | 7 (63.6%) | 14 (50.0%) | 6 (100%) |
| Birth weight percentile | 49.2 ± 20.8 | 27.1 ± 24.4 | 42.9 ± 25.3 | 51.1 ± 25.8 | 35.0 ± 25.1 | 26.2 ± 30.5 |
| Gestational age (wks) | 39.3 ± 1.3 | 34.3 ± 0.9 | 30.8 ± 1.1 | 26.3 ± 1.7 | 28.1 ± 2.0 | 26.0 ± 1.9 |
| (min–max) | (37–43) | (33–36) | (29–32) | (23–28) | (24–32) | (24–32) |
| ROP stage (1/2/3) | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 16/25/4 | 0/3/7 |
| Preeclampsia (yes) | 8 (7.1%) | 18 (18.0%) | 8 (13.1%) | 1 (9.1%) | 6 (21.4%) | 1 (16.7%) |
| Placental insufficiency (yes) | 2 (1.8%) | 10 (10.0%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| HELLP syndrome (yes) | 0 (0%) | 5 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) |
| Maternal smoking (eys) | 5 (4.4%) | 6 (6.0%) | 6 (9.8%) | 1 (9.1%) | 2 (7.1%) | 1 (16.7%) |
| Gestational diabetes (yes) | 1 (0.9%) | 5 (5.0%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Breastfeeding (yes) | 59 (52.2%) | 55 (55.0%) | 33 (54.1%) | 4 (36.4%) | 13 (46.4%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Ocular parameters | ||||||
| Spherical equivalent (diopter) OD | −0.24 ± 2.58 | −0.02 ± 3.15 | 0.16 ± 1.80 | 0.40 ± 1.26 | 0.50 ± 4.30 | 0.90 ± 2.40 |
| Spherical equivalent (diopter) OS | −0.23 ± 2.60 | −0.01 ± 3.10 | 0.17 ± 1.79 | 0.39 ± 1.24 | 0.49 ± 4.28 | 0.89 ± 4.38 |
| Intraocular pressure (mmHg) OD | 15.2 ± 2.8 | 14.7 ± 2.9 | 15.3 ± 3.3 | 16.6 ± 3.4 | 15.3 ± 4.3 | 16.8 ± 4.5 |
| Intraocular pressure (mmHg) OS | 15.1 ± 2.8 | 14.6 ± 2.8 | 15.2 ± 3.2 | 15.1 ±3.0 | 15.2 ± 4.2 | 16.7 ± 4.3 |
g—gram; mm—millimeter; GA—gestational age; ROP—retinopathy of prematurity; y—years; n—number; OD—right eye; OS—left eye.