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. 2022 Feb 11;14(4):903. doi: 10.3390/cancers14040903

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Tipifarnib reduces exosome load in sunitinib-sensitive RCC cell lines. (A) Measurement of exosome concentration across sensitive cell lines. After 0.5 uM of tipifarnib 786-O, A498, and Caki-2 displayed a decrease in overall exosome concentration. (B) Western blot analysis of exosome biogenesis and secretion markers Rab27a, nSMase, and Alix. All 3 markers display a dose dependent decrease in cancerous cell lines—A498, Caki-2, and 786-0. Either no change or dose dependent increase in these markers was seen in control 293T cells. (C) Activated ERK (pERK) to overall ERK ratio across sensitive cell lines. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.