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MiRNAs involved in the regulation of MDR mechanisms. The natural effect of miRNAs is to suppress translation from the respective mRNA, which is either blocked or subject to degradation. However, upregulation of proteins may also occur, e.g., proto-oncogenes, if the miRNA is targeted to tumor suppressor genes. In MDR, miRNAs target phases I, II, and III of detoxification and are also active in systems regulating the onset and progression of apoptosis or cell cycling.
