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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 18.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2022 Feb 17;130(4):652–672. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319895

Figure 2. Effectiveness and select cardiovascular considerations of commonly used contraceptive methods.

Figure 2.

Contraceptive failures rates are from Lindley et al. (39). Complicated valvular heart disease refers to endocarditis and valvular lesions associated with atrial fibrillation or pulmonary hypertension. For additional cardiovascular considerations, refer to the U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (38).