Table 2.

Evidence for genetic associations of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with chronic hypertension and obesity.

Study	Sample	Main findings: Blood pressure	Main findings: Body mass index
Honigberg et al. 2020⁸⁵	2,772 cases with HDPs, 211,593 parous controls (UK Biobank)	● OR for HDPs per SD of systolic BP PRS: 1.22 (95% CI 1.17-1.27) ○ Gestational hypertension: 1.24 (95% CI 1.13-1.35) ○ Preeclampsia: 1.19 (95% CI 1.08-1.31) ● OR for HDPs per SD of diastolic BP PRS: 1.22 (95% CI 1.17-1.26) ● rs7692387-A (GUCY1A3 intron variant) had disproportionately large protective effect against HDPs in comparison with BP effect	● OR for HDPs per SD of BMI PRS: 1.06 (95% CI 1.02-1.10) ● BP and BMI PRS independent and additive when jointly modeled
Steinthorsdottir et al. 2020⁸⁶	5,181 cases with preeclampsia, 61,426 parous controls (3 European and 2 Central Asian cohorts) 1,532 cases with gestational hypertension, 50,943 parous controls (Icelandic cohort)	● OR for preeclampsia per SD of hypertension PRS: 1.26 (95% CI 1.22-1.31) ● OR for gestational hypertension per SD of hypertension PRS: 1.48 (95% CI 1.04-1.57)	● OR for preeclampsia per SD of BMI PRS: 1.07 (95% CI 1.02-1.13) ○ After further adjustment for hypertension PRS: 1.04 (95% CI 0.99-1.09) ● OR for gestational hypertension per SD of BMI PRS: 1.12 (95% CI 1.06-1.17) ○ After further adjustment for hypertension PRS: 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.12)
Gray et al. 2021⁸⁴	498 cases with preeclampsia, 1,864 parous controls (5 U.S. sites; all with European ancestry)	● OR for preeclampsia per diastolic BP risk allele: 1.11 (95% CI 1.01-1.21) ○ Early-onset (<34 w) preeclampsia: 1.30 (95% CI 1.08-1.56)	● OR for preeclampsia per BMI risk allele: 1.10 (95% CI 1.00-1.20)

HDPs = hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; OR = odds ratio; SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval; BP = blood pressure; PRS = polygenic risk score; BMI = body mass index