Figure 2.

Interventions towards improved hepatic survival in liver surgery upon HIRI. (a) in liver surgeries where warm ischemia is required (for instance, in liver resection surgeries), preconditioning with mechanical (i.e., blood flow occlusion and restoration) or with pharmacological agents have been tested both in the bench and the bedside, with promising results. Of note is that, by directly or indirectly targeting mitochondria for function preservation, these strategies can make up for the difference in between failure or preservation and restoration of hepatic function, size and proficiency. (b) On the other hand, where cold ischemia is required (i.e., transplantation), new developments in preservation solutions have both increased the time window for which the organ is still in usable form, and also expanded the pool of organs that can be used, by virtue of the massively improved preservation protocols.