Table 5.
Tumor characteristics and tumor recurrences considering only invasive breast tumors. Univariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis considering for new diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or venous thromboembolism (VTE) after breast surgery and possible associated factors.
| Variables | DVT | PE | VTE | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Tumor staging | ||||||
| Tumor size (T3 or T4) | 2.6 (1.03–6.58) | <0.05 | 3.9 (1.34–11.34) | <0.05 | 3.3 (1.63–6.66) | <0.05 |
| Nodal status (N2 or N3) | 3.59 (1.94–6.64) | <0.05 | 1.35 (0.46–3.93) | 0.580 | 2.94 (1.73–5) | <0.05 |
| Tumor grading (G3) | 1.63 (0.9–2.95) | 0.108 | 2.48 (1.15–5.35) | <0.05 | 1.9 (1.17–3.08) | <0.05 |
| TNM stage (III or IV) | 3.57 (1.98–6.44) | <0.05 | 2.06 (0.87–4.92) | 0.102 | 3.11 (1.89–5.12) | <0.05 |
| Tumor characteristics | ||||||
| Comedo-like necrosis | 0.6 (0.15–2.47) | 0.480 | 4.12 (1.65–10.26) | <0.05 | 1.57 (0.72–3.43) | 0.259 |
| Multifocality/multicentricity | 1.36 (0.69–2.68) | 0.370 | 1.66 (0.7–3.95) | 0.251 | 1.38 (0.79–2.42) | 0.259 |
| EIC | 0.67 (0.31–1.43) | 0.295 | 1.48 (0.64–3.41) | 0.356 | 0.93 (0.52–1.65) | 0.800 |
| PVI | 0.97 (0.41–2.29) | 0.950 | 1.18 (0.41–3.44) | 0.755 | 1.14 (0.58–2.23) | 0.708 |
| Peritumoral inflammation | 1.68 (0.41–6.94) | 0.471 | 0 (0–Inf) (*) | 0.997 | 1.15 (0.28–4.69) | 0.848 |
| Molecular subtype (Basal-like) | 3.15 (1.57–6.34) | <0.05 | 2.07 (0.71–6.02) | 0.180 | 2.47 (1.33–4.62) | <0.05 |
| Lymph nodes characteristics | ||||||
| Non axillary locoregional lymph nodes | 1.54 (0.21–11.19) | 0.668 | 0 (0–Inf) (*) | 0.996 | 1.06 (0.15–7.6) | 0.957 |
| Isolated tumor cells | 0 (0–Inf) (*) | 0.996 | 3.52 (0.83–14.89) | 0.087 | 1.27 (0.31–5.18) | 0.740 |
| Micrometastasis | 0.94 (0.29–3.01) | 0.912 | 2.51 (0.86–7.27) | 0.091 | 1.59 (0.73–3.47) | 0.247 |
| Extracapsula invasion | 2.75 (1.33–5.7) | <0.05 | 2.07 (0.71–6.03) | 0.180 | 2.73 (1.49–5) | <0.05 |
| Matted axilla lymph nodes | 2.52 (0.78–8.14) | 0.121 | 6.56 (2.26–19.09) | <0.05 | 4.24 (1.94–9.28) | <0.05 |
| Recurrences | ||||||
| Locoregional recurrence | 1.01 (0.31–3.27) | 0.982 | 2.79 (0.96–8.1) | 0.060 | 1.73 (0.79–3.79) | 0.170 |
| Distant metastases | 6.98 (3.77–12.91) | <0.05 | 3.49 (1.31–9.27) | <0.05 | 5.79 (3.4–9.84) | <0.05 |
| Non-surgical therapies | ||||||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 0.76 (0.18–3.12) | 0.700 | 2.23 (0.67–7.45) | 0.190 | 1.35 (0.54–3.36) | 0.515 |
| Adjuvant radiotherapy | 1.71 (0.93–3.16) | 0.086 | 0.69 (0.32–1.48) | 0.337 | 1.29 (0.79–2.11) | 0.301 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 2.41 (1.34–4.35) | <0.05 | 1.5 (0.7–3.24) | 0.299 | 2.02 (1.25–3.26) | <0.05 |
| Adjuvant hormonal therapy | 1.07 (0.54–2.1) | 0.847 | 0.62 (0.27–1.38) | 0.242 | 0.91 (0.53–1.56) | 0.729 |
| Tamoxifen | 0.76 (0.42–1.4) | 0.382 | 0.8 (0.36–1.8) | 0.589 | 0.76 (0.46–1.26) | 0.292 |
(*) No case of DVT, PE or VTE was registered during the considered follow-up period. Other acronyms: CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.