. 2022 Feb 12;9(2):249. doi: 10.3390/children9020249

Table 2.

COVID-19 therapies.

Author	Journal	Therapy	Protocols
Chiotos et al. [152]	J. Pediatric. Infect. Dis. Soc. 2020	(1) Remdesivir (2) Hydroxychloroquine (3) Lopinavir-Ritonavir	(1) Remdesivir: Body weight < 40 kg: Administration of 5 mg/kg at day 1 and 2.5 mg/kg/each treatment day. Body weight > 40 kg: Administration of 200 mg at day 1; and 100 mg each treatment day for almost 10 days, that could be reduced to 5 day in case of fast responders. (2) Hydroxychloroquine: Administration of 400 mg at the day 1 and 200 mg for 5 days. (3) Lopinavir and ritonavir Administration of 400 mg/ritonavir 100 mg in two doses/day for 7–14 days.
Maharaj et al. [153]	JAMA Pediatr. 2020	(1) Remdesivir; (2) Hydroxychloroquine	No antiviral effects of hydroxychloroquine due to the low plasma concentrations necessary against SARS-CoV-2.
Venturini et al. [37]	Ital. J. Pediatr. 2020	(1) Antipyretic (2) Antiviral drugs (3) Antibiotic (4) Steroid and antiviral drugs (5) Monoclonal antibodies	(1) Antipyretic therapy: Paracetamol for 10–15 mg/kg every 4–6 h in case of fever > 38 °C (2) Antiviral drugs: Avoid Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Hydroxychloroquine administration (3) Antibiotic: Empiric antibiotic administration is no recommended in severe and critical illness if bacterial infection is not present (4) Steroids: Moderate illness Dexamethasone (0.1–0.2 mg/kg) or methylprednisolone (1–2 mg/kg day) Remdesivir (5 mg/kg/1st day than 2.5 mg/kg for 5 days) Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone plus Remdesivir Severe illness Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone plus Remdesivir (available for this group of patients only within clinical trials) Critical illness Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone (5) Monoclonal antibodies: Only with risk factors in mild cases

Author

Journal

Therapy

Protocols

Chiotos et al. [152]

J. Pediatric. Infect. Dis. Soc. 2020

(1) Remdesivir
(2) Hydroxychloroquine
(3) Lopinavir-Ritonavir

(1) Remdesivir:
Body weight < 40 kg: Administration of 5 mg/kg at day 1 and 2.5 mg/kg/each treatment day.
Body weight > 40 kg: Administration of 200 mg at day 1; and 100 mg each treatment day for almost 10 days, that could be reduced to 5 day in case of fast responders.
(2) Hydroxychloroquine:
Administration of 400 mg at the day 1 and 200 mg for 5 days.
(3) Lopinavir and ritonavir
Administration of 400 mg/ritonavir 100 mg in two doses/day for 7–14 days.

Maharaj et al. [153]

JAMA Pediatr. 2020

(1) Remdesivir;
(2) Hydroxychloroquine

No antiviral effects of hydroxychloroquine due to the low plasma concentrations necessary against SARS-CoV-2.

Venturini et al. [37]

Ital. J. Pediatr. 2020

(1) Antipyretic
(2) Antiviral drugs
(3) Antibiotic
(4) Steroid and antiviral drugs
(5) Monoclonal antibodies

(1) Antipyretic therapy:
Paracetamol for 10–15 mg/kg every 4–6 h in case of fever > 38 °C
(2) Antiviral drugs:
Avoid Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Hydroxychloroquine administration
(3) Antibiotic:
Empiric antibiotic administration is no recommended in severe and critical illness if bacterial infection is not present
(4) Steroids:
Moderate illness

Dexamethasone (0.1–0.2 mg/kg) or methylprednisolone (1–2 mg/kg day)
Remdesivir (5 mg/kg/1st day than 2.5 mg/kg for 5 days)
Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone plus Remdesivir

Severe illness

Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone
Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone plus Remdesivir (available for this group of patients only within clinical trials)

Critical illness

Dexamethasone/methylprednisolone

(5) Monoclonal antibodies:
Only with risk factors in mild cases