Table 1.
Study | Type | Age (y) | Gender | Disease | Duration | WBVT Program | Index | DXA Device |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bagalaty 2021 | RCT | 5.0 ± 0.84 | 10 M/13 F | CP | 12 weeks;3 x/week | 5–25 Hz; OA = 0–3.9 mm; Erect position, squatting, and side-standing for 20 min; Side-alternating vibrations. | Lumbar-spine BMD; Femur BMD | DP3, Lunar Corporation, USA |
Duran 2020 | Cohort | 11.9 ± 2.7 | 76 M/52 F | CP | 6 months; 3–10 x/week | 8–20 Hz; OA = 1–2 mm; Standing on a 40 degrees inclined pedal and train for 15 minutes; Side-alternating vibrations. | Total-body BMC; Lean mass | GE, UK |
Gusso 2016 | Cohort | 16.2 | 23 M/17 F | CP | 20 weeks; 4 x/week | 15–20 Hz; OA = 1 mm; Stand on a vibration pedal with knees bent and train for 9 min; Side-alternating vibrations. | Lumbar-spine BMD; Femur BMD; Total-body BMC; Lean mass | GE Lunar Prodigy, USA |
Hogler 2017 | RCT | 10.5 ± 2.9 | 6 M/6 F | OI | 5 months; 2 x/day | 20–25 Hz; OA = 2–6 mm; Stand on a 10–45 degrees inclined vibration pedal with knees bent and train for 18 min; Side-alternating vibrations. | Lumbar-spine BMD; Femur BMD; Total-body BMC; Lean mass | GE Lunar Prodigy, USA |
Kilebrant 2015 | Cohort | 5.1–16.3 | 4 M/7 F | MD | 6 months; 2 x/week | 40–42 Hz; OA = 0.2 mm; Stand on a vibration pedal with knees bent and train for 5–15 min; Vertical vibrations. | Lumbar-spine BMD; Total-body BMC; Lean mass | GE Lunar Prodigy, USA |
Ruck 2010 | RCT | 8.2 ± 0.9 | 8 M/2 F | CP | 6 months; 5 x/week | 12–18 Hz; OA = 4 mm; Stand on a 35 degrees inclined vibration pedal and train for 15 min; Side-alternating vibrations. | Lumbar-spine BMD; Femur BMD | QDR Discovery, Hologic Inc, USA |
Stark 2010 | Cohort | 9.76 | 44 M/34 F | CP | 6 months; 1 x/day | 5–25 Hz; OA = 0–3.9 mm; Stand on a vibration pedal and train for 15 min; Side-alternating vibrations. | Total-body BMC; Lean mass | GE, Germany |
Vesey 2020 | Cohort | 15.7 ± 2.9 | 8 M/8 F | MD | 20 weeks; 4 x/week | 12–20 Hz; OA = 1 mm; Stand on a vibration pedal and train for 15 min; Side-alternating vibrations. | Lumbar-spine BMD; Total-body BMC; Lean mass | GE Lunar Prodigy, USA |
RCT = randomized controlled trial; M = male; F = female; BMD = bone mineral density; BMC = bone mineral content; WBVT = whole body vibration training; CP = cerebral palsy; OI = osteogenesis imperfecta; MD = musculoskeletal disorders; OA = oscillation amplitude.