Table 4.
Comparison of helicopter EMS vs. ground EMS characteristics of the study cohort.
| Helicopter EMS ETI | Ground EMS ETI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 30 (56.2) | 29 (44.6) | |
| Age (years) | 14.5 (6) | 16 (8) | 0.681 |
| Male, n (%) | 19 (63.3) | 19 (65.5) | 1 |
| Height (cm) | 155.7 (27.2) | 152.8 (31.3) | 0.968 |
| Weight (kg) | 52.6 (21.8) | 54.6 (27.7) | 0.652 |
| BMI | 20 (5) | 21 (8) | 0.575 |
| GCS | 8 (11) | 5 (7) | 0.043 |
| ISS | 25 (18) | 34 (20) | 0.034 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 111 (52) | 80 (110) | 0.003 |
| HR (min−1) | 108.5 (35) | 98 (59) | 0.067 |
| SpO2 (%) | 94.5 (10) | 94 (77) | 0.435 |
| ETI misplacement, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 11 (37.9) | 0.039 |
| CPR prior ED, n (%) | 6 (20) | 11 (37.9) | 0.158 |
| 24 h mortality, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (17.2) | 0.254 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 12 (41.4) | 0.047 |
EMS, emergency medical service; ETI, endotracheal intubation; BMI, body mass index; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; ISS, injury severity score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ED, emergency department; WBCT, whole-body computed tomography. Squared brackets indicate interquartile ranges (IQR) preceded by medians, while round brackets of continuous traits indicate standard deviations, preceded by means.