Table 3.
Fermented papaya skin benefits.
| Preparation | Study Type | Dose | Model | Bioactive Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BioRex® | In vitro study | 1–5 mg/mL | Peripheral blood neutrophils | Suppressed generation of superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and total production of radicals; ↓ catalase activity |
[58] |
| In vivo study | - | Thermal wound model in rats | ↓ wound area and bacterial burden; ↓ catalase activity |
||
| FPP® | In vivo study | FPP group: 0.2 g/kg 5 days/week (8 weeks) Placebo group: D-glucose in the same manner as in FPP group (8 weeks) |
Adult obese diabetic mice divided into 2 groups (FPP and placebo control) | ↑ NO and iNOS | [54] |
| FPP® | Double-blind study | FPP group: 4.5 g 2 times/day (90 days) Antioxidant control group: Antioxidant cocktail with similar flavored and in the same manner as in FPP group (90 days) |
60 healthy non-smoker males and females (40–65 years) divided into 2 groups | FPP supplementation: ↑ skin moisturization, evenness, and elasticity; ↑ NO and SOD production; Gene regulatory improvement in the skin. |
[59] |
FPP®, fermented papaya preparation; NO, nitric oxide; SOD, superoxide dismutase. ↑ increase, ↓ decrease.