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. 2022 Feb 16;11(4):573. doi: 10.3390/foods11040573

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Chemical structure of trans-aconitic acid and its three stepwise carboxylic acid dissociation constants in aqueous solution. Cis-aconitic acid is obtained by rotation around the circled double bond. Dissociation constants [3,4].