Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Region | Follow-Up (Years) |
Method of AF Diagnosis | N | Males (%) | Age | BMI | HT (%) |
DM (%) |
Sm (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Djoussé L et al., 2004 | US | >50 | ECG | 5727 | 51 | 45.8 8.04 |
NA | NA | 12 | NA |
| Ruigómez A et al., 2005 | UK | 2.7 | ICD | 5525 | 47.2 | NA | NA | 19.1 | 4.2 | 29.7 |
| Conen D et al., 2008 | U.S. | 12.4 | ECG. medical records | 34.715 | 0 | 53.1 7.1 |
24.9 4.5 |
25.3 | 2.4 | 48.5 |
| Liang Y et al., 2012 | Multi-center | 4.6 | ECG | 30.433 | 70 | 66.4 7.2 |
NA | 70 | 37.2 | 62.3 |
| Sano F et al., 2014 | Japan | 6.4 | ECG. medical records | 8284 | 35.7 | 56 | NA | 30.2 | NA | 18.6 |
| Larsson SC et al., 2015 | Sweden | 12 | ICD. ECG | 75.276 | 58.2 | 60.5 | 25.4 | 22.3 | 7 | 23.9 |
| Martín-Pérez M et al., 2016 | UK | 2.7 | medical records | 4489 | 55 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 58.7 |
| Tolstrup JS et al., 2016 | Denmark | 6.1 | ICD | 88.782 | 45.1 | 57.4 14.5 |
25.4 4.1 |
18.1 | 3.7 | 22.3 |
| Gémes K et al., 2017 | Norway | 8 | ECG | 47.002 | 44.9 | 52.3 15.7 |
27.1 4.4 |
NA | NA | 55.9 |
| Di Castelnuovo A et al., 2017 | Italy | 8.2 | medical records | 22.065 | 48.6 | 55.3 11.9 |
28 4.6 |
55.7 | 9.2 | 23.6 |
| Garg PK et al., 2018 | U.S. | 9.4 | ECG. self-reports | 9576 | 42.6 | 63.3 8.1 |
29 6 |
NA | NA | 12.6 |
| Ariansen I et al., 2020 (males) | Norway | 9 | hospital discharge diagnosis | 234.392 | 48.4 | 43.5 10 |
25.6 3.8 |
NA | 1.2 | 63.4 |
| Kim YG et al., 2020 | Korea | NA | ICD | 9.776.956 | 54.7 | 47 14.1 |
23.7 3.2 |
25.4 | 8.6 | 40.4 |
| Lee SR et al., 2020 | Korea | 5 | ICD | 1.719.401 | 46 | 66 0 |
24.3 3 |
53 | 20.5 | 30.6 |
| Park CS et al., 2021 | Korea | 7.1 | ICD | 2.551.036 | 59.9 | 57.7 11.9 |
NA | 56.8 | 100 | 44.1 |
| Choi YJ et al., 2021 | Korea | 4 | ICD | 112.984 | 35 | 63.3 10.6 |
25.1 3.3 |
21.7 | 100 | 23.8 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; N, number of patients; BMI, body mass index; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; Sm, smokers; NA, not available; U.S., United States of America; UK, United Kingdom; ECG, electrocardiogram; ICD, International Classification of Diseases. Continuous variables are summarized as mean (SD).