Table 2.
Protein extraction methods applied to different seaweeds and reported protein yields (% dry weight).
| Chlorophyta (Green) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Seaweed Species | Extraction Methods | Protein Extracted (% Dry Weight) | Reference |
| Ulva ohnoi | Microwave extraction | 23.9% | [58] |
| Codium tomentosum | Ultrasound extraction and enzyme extraction (with viscozyme® L, cellulose (EC 232.734.4), alcalase® (EC 3.4.21.14), favourzyme ® (EC 232.752.2) | 16.9−18.8% | [37] |
| Ulva ohnoi | Solvent extraction | 12.28−21.57% | [59] |
| Ulva spp. | Enzyme extraction (with endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.53), cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6), arabanase (EC 3.2.1.99) | 24.4% | [34] |
| Ulva Lactuca | Enzyme extraction (with endopeptidase, cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, arabanase) | 6.2–10.1% | [35] |
| Ulva Lactuca | Enzyme extraction (with papain (EC 3.4. 22.2)) | 69.19% | [6] |
| Ulva Lactuca | pH shift extraction (with pH 2 and pH 13) | 22.7% | [49] |
| Rhodophyta (Red) | |||
| Seaweed Species | Extraction Method | Protein Extracted (% Dry Weight) | Reference |
| Palmaria palmata | Autoclave | 21.5% | [28] |
| Porphyra umbilicalis | Chemical extraction | 22.5% | [49] |
| Chondrus crispus | Osmotic shock | 35.5% | [28] |
| Chondrus crispus | Enzyme extraction (with cellulose) | 7.1% | [60] |
| Porphyra acanthophora | Homogenisation and protein precipitation | 8.9% | [61] |
| Palmaria palmata | Enzyme extraction (with Celluclast (EC 232-734-4), Shearzyme®, alcalase®, and viscozyme®) | 35.5–41.6% | [12] |
| Palmaria palmata | Enzyme extraction (with UmamizymeTM and xylanase) | 33.4% | [62] |
| Porphyra tenera | Enzyme extraction (with Prolyve®1000, and flavourzyme®) | 23% | [63] |
| Chondracanthus chamissoi | Enzyme extraction (with α-amylase, cellulose, and pectinase) | 36.1% | [55] |
| Phaeophyta (Brown) | |||
| Brown Seaweed Species | Extraction Method | Extraction Yield (%DM) | Reference |
| Fucus vesiculosus | High-pressure extraction | 23.7% | [28] |
| Fucus vesiculosus | Autoclave extraction | 24.3% | [28] |
| Alaria esculenta | High-pressure extraction | 15% | [28] |
| Alaria esculenta | Autoclave extraction | 17.1% | [28] |
| Saccharina latissimi | Chemical extraction | 9% | [64] |
| Sargassum wightii | Chemical extraction | 8–12.2% | [65] |
| Ascophyllum nodosum | Chemical extraction | 7.97–16.90% | [66] |
| Himanthalia elongata | Chemical extraction | 6.5% | [67] |
| Sargassum spp. | Enzyme extraction (with cellulose and β-glucosidase) | 10.2% | [68] |
| Laminaria japonica | Enzyme extraction (with AMG, Celluclast, Dextrozyme, Promozyme®, viscozyme®, alcalase®, flavourzyme®, Neutrase, Protamex®, and pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) | 6.94–22.5% | [69] |