Table 1.
Study and patient characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Year | Country | Studie Design | Number of Included Patients | Age | Sex | Dialyses Modality | LC Dosis/Day | LC Dispensation Form | Duration of LC Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerny et al. | 2006 | Germany | Case report | 1 | 82 | M | HD | 4500 mg | NR | 6 mo |
| David et al. | 2007 | Germany | Case report | 1 | 46 | F | HD | 2250 mg | NR | NR |
| C-L Chuang et al. | 2007 | Taiwan | Case report | 1 | 30 | F | PD | 750 mg | NR | 3 mo |
| Singanamala et al. | 2008 | USA | Case report | 1 | 75 | F | (acute) HD | NR | Tablets | NR (added during hospital stay) |
| Pafcugová et al. | 2008 | Czech Republic | Case report | 1 | 77 | M | HD | NR | Tablets | NR |
| Wu et al. | 2008 | Taiwan | Case report | 1 | 56 | F | PD | 2250 mg | Tablets | 6 mo |
| Badre et al. | 2008 | USA | Case report | 1 | 54 | M | HD | 3000 mg | Tablets | 3 mo |
| Kato et al. | 2009 | Japan | Case series | 9 | 41–60 (53 ± 2) | 7 M, 2 F | HD | NR | Tablets | 5–112 days |
| Muller et al. | 2009 | France | Case report | 1 | 75 | F | HD | 1500 mg | Tablets | NR |
| Connor et al. | 2009 | UK | Case report | 1 | 50 | M | HD | NR | NR | NR |
| Turkmen et al. | 2009 | Turkey | Case report | 1 | 56 | F | HD | 3000 mg | NR | NR |
| Huijisoon et al. | 2009 | Netherlands | Case report | 1 | 25 | M | HD | 2250 mg | Tablets | NR |
| Hayashi et al. | 2010 | Japan | Case report | 1 | 68 | M | HD | 750 mg increased to 1500 mg after 4 days | Tablets | 8 days |
| Chacko et al. | 2010 | Australia | Case report | 1 | 66 | F | PD | 2250 mg | NR | NR |
| Hofmann et al. | 2010 | Germany | Case report | 1 | 66 | F | PD | NR | NR | NR |
| Schmitt et al. | 2010 | Germany | Case report | 1 | 54 | F | HD | NR | NR | NR |
| Fürstenberg et al. | 2010 | UK | Cohort study | 169 → 24 prescribed LC (the rest other phosphate binders) | mean age 57 ± 16 (35.5 ± 3.6 in LC group) | 46% M (37.5% in LC group) | 125 PD and 44 HD (PD 66.7% in LC group) | Mean 2250 mg | NR | 10.0 ± 1.3 mo |
| Crush et al. | 2010 | Ireland | Case report | 1 | 62 | M | HD | 3000 mg | NR | 12 mo |
| Walsh et al. | 2011 | USA | Case report | 1 | 64 | M | NR | 3000 mg | NR | NR |
| Vila-Navarro et al. | 2012 | Spain | Case report | 1 | 73 | M | HD | NR | NR | NR |
| Muller et al. | 2012 | France | Case report | 1 | 77 | NR | PD | 3000 mg | Tablets | NR |
| Kuroiwa et al. | 2015 | Japan | Case report | 1 | 66 | M | HD | NR | NR | NR |
| Salerno et al. | 2015 | Belgium | Case report | 1 | 65 | M | HD | 1000 mg | NR | A couple of days |
| Ruiz-Pardo et al. | 2016 | Spain | Case report | 1 | 84 | F | HD | 1500 mg | Tablets | 1 mo |
| Sahbudin et al. | 2016 | UK | Case report | 1 | 66 | M | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Nishikawa et al. | 2017 | Japan | Case report | 1 | 64 | F | PD | 750–1500 mg | NR | 6 y |
| Harris et al. | 2017 | UK | Case report | 1 | 84 | M | HD | 1000 mg | NR | NR |
| Paranji et al. | 2017 | USA | Case report | 1 | 75 | M | NR | NR | Tablets | NR |
| Shitomi et al. | 2017 | Japan | Cohort study | 23 (14 had CT examinations) | 34–82 | 16 M, 7 F | 3 PD and 20 HD | 750 mg for all, but some had the dose reduced to 500 mg for a period. | NR | 3–67 mo |
| Chang et al. | 2018 | Taiwan | Case report | 1 | 82 | F | HD | 1000 mg | NR | 5 mo |
| Fischer et al. | 2019 | Israel | Case report | 1 | 69 | M | NR | NR | Tablets | NR (added during hospital stay) |
| Shiratori et al. | 2019 | Japan | Case report | 1 | 74 | M | HD | NR | NR | 62 mo |
| Galo et al. | 2019 | USA | Case report | 1 | 21 | M | Acute onset of chronic renal failure. Not started on dialysis at the time of the imaging study. | 3000 mg | Tablets | NR |