Table 2.

Key biological effects of amaranth.

Activity	Active Agent	References
Astringent	Saponins, protoalkaloids and betacyans	[14,20]
For skin problems	Naphthalene, squalene, sulfonates of Amaranthus spp.	[19]
Hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic	Methanol extract of A. viridis leaves Methanol extract of Amaranthus spp. Proteins from A. cruentus squalene Leaves aqueous extracts	[29] [30] [31] [7] [33]
Action against microorganisms	A. tricolor isolated peptide Ethanolic, aqueous extract of A. caudatus Seed oil from A. cruentus Methanol extract of A. lividus and A. hybridus Betacyanins isolated from A. dubius A. tricolor crude extract	[38] [39] [40] [26] [41] [42]
Neuroprotective or antidepressant	A. lividus, A. tricolor extracts A. lividus and A. tricolor leaves methanol extract A. spinosus methanol extract	[34] [35] [36]
Anti-inflammatory	A. lividus and A. tricolor extracts Bioactive peptides	[34] [37]
Antioxidant	Whole plant extract Seed extract Phenolic compounds Betaxanthins, betalains Seed or stem methanol extract of A. hybridus AHP-H-1, AHP-H-2 polysaccharides from A. hybridus Different extracts of A. viridis Phenolic compounds A. caudatus	[21] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [3]
Anticancer	Water extract of A. lividus Water extract of A. hybridus	[26]