Figure 3.

Indole pyruvic acid inhibits PLCγ1 phosphorylation while activate Akt and eNOS. HUVEC cells were treated with IPy (1 mM) for 4 h and then stimulated with VEGF (25 ng/mL) for 10 min (A) and 60 min (B–D). Western-blot membranes were incubated with anti PLCγ-1 and anti p-PLCγ-1 (A), anti Akt and anti p-Akt (B,C) and anti eNOS and anti p-eNOS (D) antibodies. Data representation of phosphorylated antibody/total antibody ratio is indicated as mean ± SD (n = 5). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 against VEGF alone (A) and versus negative control (B).