Table 2.
RV Longitudinal Strain in HFrEF.
| Reference | Sample Size | Age (Years), Mean ± SD |
Study Design | LVEF (%) | RVGLS (%) | RVFWLS (%) | Software | Device |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Houard et al. [13] | 266 | 60 ± 14 | Retrospective | 23 ± 7 | 2D-STE-RVGLS: −18.0 ± 4.9 CMR-FT-RVGLS: −11.8 ± 4.3 |
2D-STE-RVFWLS: −18.7 ± 6.6 |
4.6 version; TOMTEC Imaging Systems, Unters chleißheim, Germany Segment version 2.2 (Medviso, Lund, Sweden) | Sonus 7500 or iE33 ultrasound systems (Philips Medical Systems, And over, Massachusetts 1.5-T or 3.0-T systems (Intera CV and Achieva, Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands |
| Iacoviello et al. [14] | 332 | 64 ± 14 | Prospective | 33 ± 9 | 2D-STE-RVGLS: −14.6 ± 4.6 |
2D-STE-RVFWLS: −21.5 ± 6.2 |
Echo- PAC PC version; GE Vingmed Ultra-sound | Vivid 7 (GE Vingmed Ultrasound, General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA) |
| Motoki et al. [84] | 171 | 57 ± 14 | Retrospective | 25 ± 6 | 2D-STE-RVGLS: −12.4 ± 5.5 a −10.5 ± 5.1 b |
Velocity Vector Imaging [VVI]; Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. | Acuson Sequoia (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, PA, USA) | |
| Carluccio et al. [85] | 288 | 66 ± 11 | Prospective | Median [interquartile range]): 30(25−35) |
2D-STE-RVGLS (median [interquartile range]): −15.1[−17.9; −10.8] a −11.3[−15.1; −8.2] b |
2D-STE-RVFWLS (median [interquartile range]): −20.2[−24.3; −15.6] a −15.0[−20.0; −11.0] b |
EchoPac 113, General Electric-Vingmed | Vivid 7, Vivid S6, General Electric-Vingmed, Horton, Norway |
| Cameli et al. [86] | 47 | 57.4 ± 8.1 c 57.8 ± 7.8 d |
Cross-sectional | 25.2 ± 4.5 c 24.9 ± 4.7 d |
2D-STE-RVGLS: −18.1 ± 2.1 c −10.9 ± 1.8 d |
2D-STE-RVFWLS: −20.9 ± 2.8 c −10.6 ± 1.9 d |
EchoPac, GE, Milwaukee, WI, USA | |
| Houard et al. [87] |
20 | 63 ± 17 | Prospective | 33 ± 8 | 2D-STE-RVGLS: −19 ± 4 CMR-FT-RVGLS: −11 ± 6 |
2D-STE-RVFWLS: −21 ± 6 |
Tomtec Software (4.6. Version; Tomtec Imaging Systems, Germany) CVI-42 software (Circle CV, Montreal, QC, Canada). |
Philips EPIQ 7 ultrasound system (Philips Medical. Systems, Andover, MA, USA) 3T scanner (Achieva, Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). |
a Patients without event (cardiovascular death, hospitalization for acute HF, heart transplantation, intra-aortic balloon pump implantation, and ven-tricular assist device implantation); bPatients with event (cardiovascular death, hospitalization for acute HF, heart transplantation, intra-aortic balloon pump implantation, and ventric-ular assist device implantation); c RV stroke work index 0.25 mmHg/Lm2; d RV stroke work index < 0.25 mmHg/Lm2.