Table 7.
RV longitudinal strain in RV failure following LV assist device implantation.
| Reference | Sample Size | Age (Years), Mean ± SD | Study Design | LVEF (%) | RVGLS (%) | RVFWLS (%) | Software | Device |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dufendach et al. [15] | 137 | median [inter-quartilerange]: 59.5[52; 56] a 55[45; 63] b |
Retrospective | 2D-STE-RVGLS (median [inter-quartilerange]): −7.315[−10.45; −4.51] a −6.200[−8.44; −3.70] b |
2D-STE-RVFWLS (median [inter-quartile range]): −7.835[−11.27; −4.77] a −5.490[−8.60; −4.17] b |
TomTec | ||
| Grant et al. [107] | 117 | median [inter-quartile range]: 58[47.5; 65] |
Retrospective | median [inter-quartile range]: 15[10; 20] a 15[10; 25] b |
2D-STE-RVFWLS: (median [inter-quartile range]): −12.2[−14.9; −9.5] a −9.0[−11.4; −7.3] b |
Velocity Vector Imag-ing, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany | ||
| Cameli et al. [108] | 10 | 66.4 ± 5.1 a
65.8 ± 4.8 b |
Retrospective | 25.2 ± 4.5 a
24.9 ± 4.7 b |
2D-STE-RVGLS: −14.1 ± 2.1 a −8.9 ± 1.8 b |
2D-STE-RVFWLS: −15.5 ± 3.6 a −9.2 ± 1.9 b |
EchoPac, General Electric Healthcare | Vivid 7, GE Vingmed, Horten, Norway |
| Magunia et al. [104] | 26 | 64 ± 13 a
58 ± 30 b |
Retrospective | ≤20 (95.2%) a, 21−30(4.8%) a
≤20(100%) b |
3D-STE-RVFWLS: −13.2 ± 4.7 a median [inter-quartile range]): −6[−8.8; −4.3] b |
Tomtec Image Arena and Tomtec 2D Cardiac Performance Analysis, Tomtec Imaging Systems GmbH, Unterschleissheim, Germany | Philips iE33-system, X7-2t Matrix probe, Philips Healthcare Inc., Andover, MA, USA |
a Patients without RV failure; b Patients with RV failure.