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. 2022 Feb 13;19(4):2088. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042088

Table 2.

Serum amino acid and urinary organic acid profile.

Plasma Amino Acid Value Urinary Organic Acid Value
Cystine 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid ↑↑
Valine pyruvic acid ↑↑
Alpha alanine N 2-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyric
Acyl-carnitine N

N: normal value; ↑: increased value, ↑↑: two times normal value.