Table 6.
Results from studies identified as high quality which measured motor function (n = 11).
| Study | n | Exposure | Units | Outcome | Time of Outcome | Estimate | 95% CI | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 1082 | Hair | ng/g | Bayley-III: Fine Motor scale | 18 months | −0.03 | −0.11 to 0.06 | |
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 1081 | Hair | ng/g | Bayley-III: Gross Motor scale | 18 months | −0.01 | −0.07 to 0.05 | |
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 1083 | Hair | ng/g | Bayley-III: Motor development | 18 months | −0.12 | −0.47 to 0.22 | |
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 635 | Umbilical cord | ng/g | Bayley-III: Gross Motor scale | 18 months | −0.02 | −0.08 to 0.05 | |
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 892 | Umbilical cord | ng/g | Bayley-III: Motor development | 18 months | −0.11 | −0.47 to 0.25 | |
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 636 | Whole blood | ng/g | Bayley-III: Fine Motor scale | 18 months | 0.05 | −0.04 to 0.15 | |
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 890 | Whole blood | ng/g | Bayley-III: Gross Motor scale | 18 months | −0.03 | −0.09 to 0.03 | |
| Barbone et al. (2019) | 636 | Whole blood | ng/g | Bayley-III: Motor development | 18 months | 0.11 | −0.25 to 0.48 | |
| Boucher et al. (2014) | 87 | Umbilical cord | ln μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 11 months | 0.01 | −0.24 to 0.25 | |
| Hu et al. (2016) | 410 | Umbilical cord | Ln μg/L | GDS: Fine motor domain | 12 months | −2.62 | −7.78 to 2.55 | |
| Hu et al. (2016) | 410 | Umbilical cord | Ln μg/L | GDS: Gross motor domain | 12 months | 1.95 | −3.08 to 6.98 | |
| Hu et al. (2016) | 410 | Whole blood | Ln μg/L | GDS: Fine motor domain | 12 months | 2.69 | −3.37 to 8.74 | |
| Hu et al. (2016) | 410 | Whole blood | Ln μg/L | GDS: Gross motor domain | 12 months | 3.26 | −2.72 to 9.24 | |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 595 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 12 months | 0.14 | −0.23 to 0.52 | 0.45 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 523 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 24 months | 0.16 | −0.17 to 0.48 | 0.34 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 438 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 36 months | −0.13 | −0.55 to 0.27 | 0.53 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 662 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 6 months | −0.2 | −0.45 to 0.15 | 0.33 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 763 | Whole blood (early pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 12 months | 0.3 | −0.31 to 0.91 | 0.34 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 614 | Whole blood (late pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 12 months | 0.27 | −0.38 to 0.93 | 0.41 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 686 | Whole blood (early pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 24 months | −0.17 | −0.74 to 0.4 | 0.56 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 564 | Whole blood (late pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 24 months | −0.09 | −0.67 to 0.48 | 0.75 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 557 | Whole blood (early pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 36 months | −0.11 | −0.7 to 0.47 | 0.70 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 460 | Whole blood (late pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 36 months | −0.58 | −1.19 to 0.03 | 0.06 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 847 | Whole blood (early pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 6 months | −0.55 | −1.05 to −0.05 | 0.03 |
| Kim Y et al. (2018) | 689 | Whole blood (late pregnancy) | μg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 6 months | −0.27 | −0.78 to 0.25 | 0.31 |
| Llop et al. (2012) | 1683 | Umbilical cord | Ln µg/L | BSID-II: PDI | 14 months | −0.05 | −0.79 to 0.68 | |
| Nisevic et al. (2019) | 257 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | Bayley-III: Fine Motor scale | 18 months | −0.07 | 0.78 | |
| Nisevic et al. (2019) | 257 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | Bayley-III: Gross Motor scale | 18 months | 0.08 | 0.71 | |
| Nisevic et al. (2019) | 257 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | Bayley-III: Motor development | 18 months | 0.01 | 0.92 | |
| Oken et al. (2008) | 341 | Erythrocyte | ng/g | WRAVMA drawing | 36 months | 0.1 | −0.2 to 0.4 | |
| Oken et al. (2008) | 341 | Erythrocyte | ng/g | WRAVMA pegboard | 36 months | 0.03 | −0.3 to 0.3 | |
| Rothenberg et al. (2016) | 270 | Hair | Ln μg/g | BSID-II: PDI | 12 months | −2.7 | −8.3 to 2.9 | |
| Tatsuta et al. (2017) | 566 | Umbilical cord | Ln ng/g | BSID-II: PDI | 18 months | −0.12 | 0.009 | |
| Valent et al. (2013) | 505 | Hair | Ln ng/g | Bayley-III: Motor development | 18 months | −0.19 | 0.62 | |
| Valent et al. (2013) | 378 | Umbilical cord | Ln ng/g | Bayley-III: Motor development | 18 months | 0.16 | 0.68 | |
| Xu et al. (2016) | 270 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | NNNS: Asymmetry (Male) | 5 weeks | 0.1 | 0.36 | |
| Xu et al. (2016) | 270 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | NNNS: Asymmetry (Female) | 5 weeks | 0.07 | 0.4 | |
| Xu et al. (2016) | 270 | Umbilical cord | μg/L | NNNS: Handling | 5 weeks | −0.02 | 0.35 | |
| Xu et al. (2016) | 344 | Whole blood | μg/L | NNNS: Asymmetry (Male) | 5 weeks | −0.13 | 0.3 | |
| Xu et al. (2016) | 344 | Whole blood (Female) | μg/L | NNNS: Asymmetry (Female) | 5 weeks | 0.08 | 0.43 | |
| Xu et al. (2016) | 344 | Whole blood | μg/L | NNNS: Handling | 5 weeks | −0.001 | 0.98 |