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Effect of pesticides on estrogen signaling expressed as estrogenic activity. Estrogenic activity is reported as relative luciferase activity with respect to positive control (C+ = 17β-estradiol 10−8 M, relative luciferase activity of C+ = 100%): (a) Acetamiprid; (b) Clothianidin; (c) Thiamethoxam; (d) Methiocarb; (e) Oxadiazon. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations *: p-value < 0.05 vs. negative control (C−) (Kruskal–Wallis followed by post hoc Dunnett’s test).
