Table 1.

Measurement Items and Study Constructs.

Constructs	Measurement Items	Previous Study
Fear of COVID-19 (FCV)	FCV1: I am most afraid of the novel coronavirus. FCV2: It makes me uncomfortable to think about the novel coronavirus. FCV3: I am afraid of losing my life because of COVID-19. FCV4: When watching news and stories about the novel coronavirus on social media or any other media (i.e., TV, radio), I become nervous or anxious. FCV5: I cannot sleep because I am worried about being infected with the novel coronavirus.	Ahorsu, Lin, Imani, Saffari, Griffiths and Pakpour [29]
Perceived Risk (PRK)	PRK1: Given the current situation, I prefer to avoid attending large festival activities. PRK2: Given the current situation, I prefer to shorten the duration of my attendance in festival activities. PRK3: I feel more averse to attending festival activities because of the risk from COVID 19.	Karl [49]; Sánchez-Cañizares, et al. [99]
Festival Attitude (FA)	FA1: Hanfu Festival is useful. FA2: Hanfu Festival is valuable. FA3: Hanfu Festival is beneficial. FA4: Hanfu Festival is attractive.	Rather [15]; Bae and Chang [3]
Perceptual Evaluation (PE)	PE1: Hanfu Festival made Guangzhou more attractive as a tourist destination. PE2: Hanfu Festival increased the competitiveness of Guangzhou as a tourist destination. PE3: Hanfu Festival contributed to the improvement of the regional image.	Ross [100]; Baloglu and McCleary [56]
Behavioral Intention (BI)	BI1: I will recommend the Hanfu Festival to others. BI2: I will talk about the Hanfu Festival positively. BI3: I will revisit the Hanfu Festival.	Chen and Tsai [101]; Chi and Qu [102]
Crowding (CD)	CD1: People are very close to me in the Hanfu Festival area. CD2: There are many people in the Hanfu Festival area. CD3: The Hanfu Festival area is crowded. CD4: The rest areas are crowded in Hanfu Festival.	Yin, Cheng, Bi and Ni [86]; Liu and Ma [85]