Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study sample.
| Total Sample (n = 4837) |
Females (n = 2802) |
Males (n = 2035) |
p-Value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 12, Max: 20) | 15.9 (1.3) | 15.9 (1.4) | 15.9 (1.2) | 0.295 |
| Ethnoracial background | ||||
| White | 51.4 | 52.4 | 50.3 | 0.300 |
| Black | 9.7 | 10.3 | 9.1 | |
| East/South-East Asian | 14.9 | 13.5 | 16.2 | |
| South Asian | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.3 | |
| Other | 15.7 | 15.4 | 16.1 | |
| Subjective socioeconomic status | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 1, Max: 10) | 6.8 (1.7) | 6.8 (1.8) | 6.9 (1.6) | 0.139 |
| Tobacco cigarette smoking | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 1, Max: 10) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.8) | 0.145 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 1, Max: 9) | 2.7 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.7) | 2.7 (1.5) | 0.297 |
| Cannabis use | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 1, Max: 7) | 1.9 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.7) | 2.0 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Academic performance | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 1, Max: 5) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.9 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| School connectedness | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 3, Max: 12) | 9.5 (1.8) | 9.3 (1.9) | 9.7 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Technology use | ||||
| 2 h or less | 29.3 | 25.0 | 33.6 | <0.001 |
| 3 to 4 h | 34.9 | 37.1 | 32.7 | |
| 5 h or more | 35.8 | 37.9 | 33.8 | |
| Problem technology use score | ||||
| Mean (SD) (Min: 0, Max: 24) | 9.3 (4.7) | 10.0 (5.0) | 8.7 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderate-to-serious problem technology use | ||||
| No | 81.4 | 77.6 | 85.1 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 18.6 | 22.4 | 14.9 | |
| Serious problem technology use | ||||
| No | 97.1 | 96.2 | 98.1 | 0.005 |
| Yes | 2.9 | 3.8 | 1.9 |
Data are shown as weighted column %, unless otherwise indicated. SD: standard deviation. a p-value of difference between females and males.