Table 1.

Characteristics of diabetes and control subjects.

Characteristics	Non-Diabetes (N = 26,834)		Diabetes (N = 26,839)		p
	n	%	n	%
Sex
Male	13,214	49.2	13,218	49.2	1.000
Female	13,620	50.8	13,621	50.8
Age
19–44	1050	3.9	1050	3.9	1.000
45–64	9678	36.1	9679	36.1
65–74	8596	32.0	8597	32.0
75≤	7510	28.0	7513	28.0
Education level
≤Middle school	15,112	56.4	15,874	59.2	<0.001
High school	7023	26.2	7146	26.7
≥College	4653	17.4	3784	14.1
Family type
Living alone	5498	20.5	5630	20.9	0.115
Living with spouse	11,602	43.2	11,691	43.6
Others	9733	36.3	9517	35.5
Monthly income (10,000 won)
High	7012	26.1	6408	23.9	<0.001
Middle-high	3547	13.2	3278	12.2
Middle-low	7854	29.3	8177	30.5
Low	8421	31.4	8976	33.4
Location of residence
Urban (dong)	12,490	46.6	12,720	47.4	0.049
Rural (eup or myeon)	14,344	53.5	14,119	52.6
Hypertension diagnosis
No	16,366	61.4	10,270	38.3	<0.001
Yes	10,465	38.6	16,565	61.7
Subjective health status
Good	11,302	42.1	6746	25.1	<0.001
Poor	15,531	57.9	20,091	74.9
Current smoker
No	22,835	85.1	22,545	84.0	0.000
Yes	3994	14.9	4289	16.0
Current alcohol user
No	17,125	63.8	18,533	69.1	<0.001
Yes	9705	36.2	8305	30.9
Awareness of glucose level
Yes			20,588	76.9
No			6202	23.1
Age at diagnosis (years)
≤19			80	0.3
20–29			261	0.9
30–39			1551	5.8
40–49			4643	17.4
50–59			8259	30.9
60≤			11,969	44.7
Duration of diabetes, n (%), years
≤5 years			11,392	42.5
>5 years			15,447	57.5
Diabetes treatment
No			807	3.0
Yes			26,025	97.0
Treatment method
Non-drug therapy (exercise, diet)			9831	36.6
Oral agent (oral hypoglycemic agent)			24,555	91.5
Insulin injection			1963	7.3
Oral agent and insulin injection			1640	6.1

Data are expressed as number (%).