Table 2.
Risk of COPD associated with level of metals in different genders.
| variables | Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | p | 95% CI | OR | p | 95% CI | |
| Pb | ||||||
| T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 1.20 | 0.752 | 0.38–3.79 | 0.78 | 0.522 | 0.36–1.68 |
| T3 | 1.70 | 0.362 | 0.54–5.31 | 0.68 | 0.384 | 0.28–1.63 |
| p for trend | 0.279 | 0.388 | ||||
| Cd | ||||||
| T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 0.65 | 0.378 | 0.26–1.68 | 0.80 | 0.576 | 0.37–1.74 |
| T3 | 1.64 | 0.235 | 0.73–3.69 | 0.48 | 0.110 | 0.19–1.18 |
| p for trend | 0.160 | 0.109 | ||||
| Mn | ||||||
| T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 0.90 | 0.796 | 0.41–1.99 | 0.66 | 0.278 | 0.31–1.40 |
| T3 | 1.74 | 0.122 | 0.86–3.50 | 0.85 | 0.654 | 0.41–1.74 |
| p for trend | 0.147 | 0.696 | ||||
| Se | ||||||
| T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 0.86 | 0.683 | 0.43–1.75 | 1.79 | 0.092 | 0.91–3.53 |
| T3 | 0.48 | 0.078 | 0.22–1.08 | 0.83 | 0.633 | 0.38–1.81 |
| p for trend | 0.081 | 0.806 | ||||
| Cu | ||||||
| T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 1.65 | 0.200 | 0.77–3.52 | 2.53 | 0.113 | 0.80–7.96 |
| T3 | 3.31 | 0.004 ** | 1.47–7.44 | 2.38 | 0.128 | 0.78–7.28 |
| p for trend | 0.004 ** | 0.247 | ||||
| Zn | ||||||
| T1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2 | 1.43 | 0.332 | 0.69–2.96 | 1.81 | 0.124 | 0.85–3.86 |
| T3 | 0.72 | 0.423 | 0.32–1.62 | 1.70 | 0.195 | 0.76–3.80 |
| p for trend | 0.420 | 0.212 | ||||
Note: ** p < 0.01. The models were adjusted for age, smoke, ratio of family income to poverty, BMI, sex, race education, drink, second-hand smoke exposure, serum cotinine, hypertension, and diabetes.