Table 3.

Comparisons between experimental and control groups on anxiety measured with VAS-A during the stages of labor.

	Experimental Group (n = 44) M (SD)	Control Group (n = 44) M (SD)	t	95% CI	d
Latent phase	3.10 (2.13)	5.33 (1.94)	−2.38 *	−4.21, −0.25	1.09
Early active phase	4.10 (2.68)	6.67 (1.22)	−2.63 *	−4.63, −0.50	1.23
Late active phase	5.00 (3.02)	7.89 (1.45)	−2.61 *	−5.23, −0.55	1.22

Notes: VAS-A = Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; t = Student’s t-test; CI = confidence intervals; d = Cohen’s d. * p < 0.05.