Table 3.
Factors associated with physical inactivity using multiple logistic regression.
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| Age (years) | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.875 |
| Sex (with women as ref.) | 0.61 | 0.32–1.17 | 0.138 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.04 | 0.99–1.10 | 0.147 | |||
| Number of comorbidities | 1.29 | 1.00–1.67 | 0.051 | |||
| Medical conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.14 | 0.67–1.96 | 0.624 | |||
| Heart disease | 1.51 | 0.77–2.94 | 0.277 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.16 | 0.66–2.04 | 0.605 | |||
| Osteoarthritis | 1.56 | 0.81–3.01 | 0.184 | |||
| Stroke | 1.02 | 0.38–2.77 | 0.963 | |||
| History of falls | 1.26 | 0.73–2.19 | 0.408 | |||
| Low handgrip strength | 3.27 | 1.91–5.61 | <0.001 | 2.31 | 1.12–4.74 | 0.023 |
| Poor 5xSTS performance (≥12 s) | 2.90 | 1.61–5.21 | <0.001 | 2.27 | 1.15–4.47 | 0.018 |
| Slow gait speed (<1.0 m/s) | 3.95 | 2.28–6.85 | <0.001 | 2.31 | 1.16–4.61 | 0.018 |
| TUG deficits (>11 s) | 4.09 | 2.32–7.23 | <0.001 | 2.87 | 1.44–5.73 | 0.003 |
BMI, body mass index; 5xSTS, five-times-sit-to-stand test; TUG, timed up-and-go test; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Model 1, no adjustment; Model 2, adjusted by the factors that showed p-values ≤ 0.2 in the univariate regression analyses: age, sex, BMI, number of comorbidities, osteoarthritis, low handgrip strength, and poor lower-limb muscle function (i.e., poor 5xSTS, slow gait speed, and TUG deficits). Bold indicates significance with p < 0.05.