Table 2.

History of the different definitions/descriptions of Wire Syndrome (WS).

Authors	Publication Date	Wire Syndrome Definition
Katsaros et al. [1]	2007	Unexpected complications of bonded mandibular lingual retainers
Abudiak et al. [12]	2011	A complication with orthodontic fixed retainers
Renkema et al. [13]	2011	Unexpected posttreatment complications
Alessandri Bonetti et al. [14]	2012	Isolated-type recession defects with an abnormal buccolingual inclination
Pazera et al. [2]	2012	Severe complication of a bonded mandibular lingual retainer
Farret et al. [15]	2015	Extreme labial movement of the root
Roussarie et al. [3]	2015	Syndrome du fil
Kučera et al. [11,16]	2016	Unexpected complications/X effect, Twist effect, and non-specific complications
Laursen et al. [17]	2016	Complications after unintentional tooth displacement by active bonded retainers
Shaughnessy et al. [4]	2016	Inadvertent tooth movement with fixed lingual retainers
Wolf et al. [18]	2016	Undesired tooth movement
Egli et al. [10]	2017	Unexpected posttreatment changes
Jacobs et al. [19]	2017	Single tooth torque problems
Beitlitum et al. [20]	2020	Unwanted effects such as inadvertent tooth movement and torque changes
Kim et al. [21]	2020	Unexpected tooth movements
Klaus et al. [22]	2020	Unwanted tooth movements
Knaup et al. [23]	2021	Side effects of twistflex retainers
Singh et al. [5]	2021	Extreme complication of a fixed mandibular lingual retainer