Table 4.

Wire Syndrome (WS) movement families. N.B.: The terms “X effect©” and “twist effect©” were introduced by Kucera et al. [11,16].

Movement Families Associated with WS
X effect Torque differential between two adjacent incisors
Twist effect Opposite inclination between the two contralateral canines
Excessive crown and/or root torque Incisors or canines, which presents an exaggerated modification of the torque
Non-specific complications Diastema openings, differences in incisor heights, etc.
Associated movements “X effect” AND Torque modification; “X effect” AND “twist effect” Or any other possible combination