Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies on PPD and its risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study	Year	Country	Postpartum Time	n	N	Prevalence (%)	95% CI	Study Period	JBI Score (%)	Risk Factors
Suarez-Rico. et al. [24]	2021	Mexico	1–3 months	115	293	39.25	(33.62, 45.10)	August 2020–September 2020	91.67	Maternal age; COVID-19: positive SARS-CoV-2 test; Perceived stress; Anxiety
Myo et al. [25]	2021	Myanmar	≤6 months	70	220	31.82	(25.72, 38.42)	April 2020–May 2020	100	Preterm delivery; Pregnancy intention; Frequency of antenatal care received; Travel time to reach health center; Birth interval more than 5 years
Guvenc et al. [26]	2021	Turkey	1–1.5 months	72	212	33.96	(27.62, 40.76)	May 2020–July 2020	91.67	COVID-19: Fear of being infected; Fear of transmission to the baby; Anxiety
Fallon et al. [27]	2021	UK	0–3 months	264	614	43.00	(39.04, 47.02)	April 2020–May 2020	95.83	Less emotional support: perceived psychological change as a result of social distancing measures; Breastfeed status; Parenting competence; Employment status
Ceulemans et al. [28]	2021	Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and UK	0–3 months	592	4542	13.03	(12.07, 14.05)	June 2020–July 2020	95.83	Country; Smoking; Chronic somatic and mental illness
Spinola. et al. [29]	2020	Italy	0–12 months	108	243	44.44	(38.09, 50.93)	May 2020–June 2020	95.83	COVID-19: fear of infection (for others and child); Socio-economic status; Received economic support from family; Previous emotional troubles
Ostacoli et al. [30]	2020	Italy	0–3 months	50	163	30.67	(36.41, 52.15)	June 2020–June 2020	100	Perceived pain; Support by healthcare staff during childbirth; Avoidant attachment style
Cameron et al. [31]	2020	Canada	0–18 months	64	193	33.16	(26.57, 40.28)	April 2020–April 2020	95.83	Stressful events past month; marital status