Table A1.
EDCs measured in first-trimester maternal biological samples (ng/mL) (N = 678).
| Matrix | Chemical Type | Compound (Further Description) | Abbreviation | LOD/LOQ a | % ≥LOD | GM | GSD | WQS f |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urine | Phenols | 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether | Triclosan | 0.100 | 92 | 1.34 | 9.9 | x |
| bisphenol A | BPA | 0.050 | 100 | 1.52 | 2.4 | x | ||
| 4,4-bisphenol F (BPA replacement analogue) | BPF | 0.024 | 92 | 0.16 | 5.3 | x | ||
| bisphenol S (BPA replacement analogue) | BPS | 0.009 | 98 | 0.07 | 3.0 | x | ||
| Plasticizers (Phthalate & non-phthalate) | monoethyl phthalate | MEP | 0.010 | 100 | 63.6 | 3.0 | x | |
| monobutyl phthalate | MBP | 0.100 | 100 | 67.6 | 2.2 | x | ||
| monobenzyl phthalate | MBzP | 0.040 | 100 | 15.5 | 3.0 | x | ||
| mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | MEHP | 0.100 | 100 | - | - | |||
| mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate | MEHHP | 0.020 | 100 | - | - | |||
| mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate | MEOHP | 0.030 | 100 | - | - | |||
| mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate | MECPP | 0.020 | 100 | - | - | |||
| di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (parent compound) | DEHP b | - | - | 63.6 | 2.4 | x | ||
| mono(hydroxy-iso-nonyl) phthalate | MHiNP | 0.020 | 100 | - | - | |||
| mono(oxo-iso-nonyl) phthalate | MOiNP | 0.010 | 100 | - | - | |||
| mono(carboxy-iso-octyl) phthalate | MCiOP | 0.020 | 100 | - | - | |||
| diisononyl phthalate (parent compound) | DINP c | - | - | 42.4 | 2.6 | x | ||
| monohydroxyisodecyl phthalate | MHiDP | 0.031 | 100 | 1.24 | 2.7 | x | ||
| monocarboxyisononyl phthalate | MCiNP | 0.031 | 100 | 0.68 | 2.4 | x | ||
| 2-4-methyl-7-oxyooctyl-oxycarbonyl-cyclohexane carboxylic acid (phthalate replacement) | MOiNCH | 0.023 | 99 | 0.30 | 4.0 | x | ||
| diphenylphosphate (organophosphate flame retardant) | DPHP | 0.042 | 100 | 1.34 | 2.5 | x | ||
| Other Short-Lived | 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (organophosphate pesticide) | TCP | 0.035 | 100 | 1.25 | 2.5 | x | |
| 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (pyrethroid pesticide) | PBA | 0.017 | 99 | 0.16 | 2.7 | x | ||
| 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) | 2OHPH | 0.003 | 100 | 0.20 | 2.3 | x | ||
| Serum | Perfluoro-alkyl Substances (PFAS) | perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | 0.020 | 100 | 1.58 | 1.8 | x |
| perfluorooctane sulfonate | PFOS | 0.060 | 100 | 5.37 | 1.7 | x | ||
| perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | 0.010 | 100 | 0.53 | 1.7 | x | ||
| perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | 0.020 | 100 | 0.26 | 1.6 | x | ||
| perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnDA | 0.020 | 99 | 0.22 | 1.9 | x | ||
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid | PFHxS | 0.030 | 100 | 1.32 | 1.8 | x | ||
| Plasma | Persistent Chlorinated | hexachlorobenzene | HCB | 0.005 | 100 | 0.05 | 1.4 | x |
| trans-nonachlor | Nonachlor | 0.005 | 78 | 0.01 | 2.7 | x | ||
| dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane alone | DDTa | 0.015 | 99 | - | - | |||
| dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene | DDE | 0.040 | 8 | - | - | |||
| total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | DDT d | - | - | 0.18 | 2.0 | x | ||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 74 | PCB 74 | 0.005 | 73 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 99 | PCB 99 | 0.005 | 81 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 118 | PCB 118 | 0.005 | 99 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 138 | PCB 138 | 0.005 | 100 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 153 | PCB 153 | 0.005 | 100 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 156 | PCB 156 | 0.005 | 90 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 170 | PCB 170 | 0.005 | 100 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 180 | PCB 180 | 0.005 | 100 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 183 | PCB 183 | 0.005 | 76 | - | - | |||
| polychlorinated biphenyl 187 | PCB 187 | 0.005 | 98 | - | - | |||
| total polychlorinated biphenyls | PCB e | - | - | 0.37 | 1.7 | x |
Abbreviations: GM, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation; LOD, limit of detection. Notes: Values < LOD retained the machine read value for urine and serum compounds, values <LOQ were substituted with LOQ/2 for plasma compounds. a LOD reported for all urine and serum compounds, LOQ reported for plasma compounds. b Molar sum of metabolites: mono-2-ethylhexyl, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl), mono(2-carboxymethylhexyl), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl), and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalates. c Molar sum of metabolites: mono(hydroxyisononyl), mono(oxoisononyl), and mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalates. d Sum of DDT and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. e Sum of PCB congeners 74, 99, 118, 138, 153, 156, 170, 180, 183, 187. f Included in WQS analysis.