Table 1.
The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, stratified into three age groups.
| Variable | Age Group | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 1049) |
40–55 Years (n = 458) |
56–64 Years (n = 344) |
65–90 Years (n = 247) |
|||||||||
| T1 | T2 | p | T1 | T2 | p | T1 | T2 | p | T1 | T2 | p | |
| Vegetarian, n (%) | 629 (60.0) | 629 (60.0) | >0.999 | 224 (48.9) | 221 (48.3) |
0.788 | 237 (68.9) |
237 (68.9) |
>0.999 | 168 (68.0) |
171 (69.2) |
0.749 |
| Age (years) | 56.2 (9.7) | 59.2 (9.7) | - | 47.0 (3.9) |
50.0 (3.9) |
- | 58.6 (1.7) |
61.6 (1.7) |
- | 69.8 (4.1) |
72.8 (4.1) |
- |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 (3.3) | 23.9 (3.5) | <0.001 * | 23.3 (3.6) |
23.9 (3.7) |
<0.001 * | 23.5 (3.1) |
23.9 (3.2) |
<0.001 * | 23.8 (3.2) |
24.2 (3.4) |
<0.001 * |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.5 (20.7) | 126.1 (19.8) | 0.459 | 120.3 (19.5) | 119.9 (18.3) | 0.572 | 128.0 (19.8) | 127.5 (18.7) | 0.623 | 135.9 (20.3) | 135.6 (20.0) | 0.841 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.9 (11.0) | 71.4 (10.8) | 0.049 * | 71.7 (11.5) | 71.4 (11.5) | 0.511 | 72.0 (10.7) | 71.6 (10.6) | 0.400 | 72.4 (10.4) | 71.0 (9.4) |
0.032 * |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.3 (14.6) | 52.7 (14.6) | 0.016 * | 55.8 (15.4) | 55.2 (15.4) | 0.130 | 50.9 (13.0) | 50.0 (13.2) | 0.037 * | 52.0 (14.4) | 51.7 (14.3) | 0.570 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.2 (31.5) | 114.8 (30.6) | <0.001 * | 112.7 (30.0) | 113.3 (29.5) | 0.541 | 124.8 (32.2) | 118.9 (32.0) | <0.001 * | 119.4 (31.6) | 111.7 (30.2) | <0.001 * |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 105.0 (21.7) | 102.9 (21.7) | <0.001 * | 100.4 (17.5) | 99.0 (19.3) | 0.003 * | 107.3 (25.0) | 105.1 (22.5) | 0.026 * | 110.3 (22.1) | 107.1 (23.8) | 0.006 * |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.3 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.2) | <0.001 * | 4.3 (0.3) |
4.4 (0.2) |
0.003 * | 4.3 (0.3) |
4.4 (0.2) |
0.091 | 4.3 (0.3) |
4.3 (0.2) |
0.064 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 79.4 (24.8) | 70.6 (20.3) | <0.001 * | 70.2 (21.8) | 66.3 (19.1) | <0.001 * | 87.7 (25.2) | 74.4 (20.6) | <0.001 * | 85.0 (23.7) | 73.0 (20.5) | <0.001 * |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 117.5 (22.4) | 99.9 (22.8) | <0.001 * | 124.5 (20.8) | 105.1 (21.2) | <0.001 * | 115.8 (20.9) | 101.3 (23.6) | <0.001 * | 106.8 (23.0) | 88.5 (20.4) | <0.001 * |
| TCH (mg/dL) | 188.8 (35.8) | 186.6 (35.6) | 0.011 * | 183.8 (33.7) | 185.9 (34.1) | 0.107 | 194.6 (37.1) | 189.9 (37.9) | 0.001 * | 189.9 (36.5) | 183.3 (34.7) | 0.001 * |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 104.6 (56.3) | 104.3 (61.7) | 0.828 | 93.3 (57.6) | 94.5 (66.2) | 0.558 | 114.6 (56.7) | 111.6 (59.6) | 0.245 | 111.4 (49.2) | 112.3 (52.7) | 0.760 |
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 0.889 (0.150) | 0.863 (0.150) | <0.001 * | 0.982 (0.130) | 0.943 (0.141) | <0.001 * | 0.834 (0.118) | 0.815 (0.122) | <0.001 * | 0.795 (0.125) | 0.780 (0.128) | <0.001 * |
| Right hip femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 0.654 (0.114) | 0.626 (0.113) | <0.001 * | 0.715 (0.109) | 0.681 (0.110) | <0.001 * | 0.628 (0.092) | 0.603 (0.091) | <0.001 * | 0.579 (0.091) | 0.554 (0.092) | <0.001 * |
| Right hip total BMD (g/cm2) | 0.779 (0.124) | 0.795 (0.120) | <0.001 * | 0.831 (0.119) | 0.841 (0.119) | 0.001 * | 0.761 (0.108) | 0.778 (0.104) | <0.001 * | 0.707 (0.112) | 0.733 (0.108) | <0.001 * |
| Left hip neck femoral BMD (g/cm2) | 0.659 (0.115) | 0.637 (0.114) | <0.001 * | 0.721 (0.109) | 0.696 (0.111) | <0.001 * | 0.634 (0.091) | 0.614 (0.089) | <0.001 * | 0.581 (0.091) | 0.563 (0.091) | <0.001 * |
| Left hip total BMD (g/cm2) | 0.777 (0.123) | 0.756 (0.122) | <0.001 * | 0.829 (0.117) | 0.806 (0.118) | <0.001 * | 0.759 (0.106) | 0.737 (0.105) | <0.001 * | 0.705 (0.111) | 0.690 (0.110) | <0.001 * |
| TBS | 1.342 (0.104) | 1.311 (0.107) | <0.001 * | 1.415 (0.084) | 1.379 (0.093) | <0.001 * | 1.304 (0.077) | 1.275 (0.083) | <0.001 * | 1.260 (0.077) | 1.235 (0.082) | <0.001 * |
ALP: alkaline phosphatase; BMD: bone mineral density; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; T1: First general health examination; T2: Second general health examination; TCH: total cholesterol; TBS: trabecular bone score. All values are mean and standard deviation unless stated otherwise. * p < 0.05.