Table 3.

Results of generalized estimating equations for the effects of a vegetarian dietary habit on the change in BMD and trabecular bone score over time in female patients aged 56–64 years (n = 344).

Variable	Lumbar Spine BMD		Right Hip Femoral Neck BMD		Right Hip Total BMD		Left Hip Femoral Neck BMD		Left Hip Total BMD		Trabecular Bone Score
	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p
Vegetarian × time	−0.002	0.791	0.001	0.766	−0.003	0.724	−0.002	0.669	0.010	0.169	0.003	0.743
Vegetarian	−0.004	0.524	0.003	0.496	0.004	0.648	−0.002	0.670	−0.007	0.380	−0.002	0.815
Time	−0.030	<0.001 *	−0.033	<0.001 *	0.011	0.077	−0.023	<0.001 *	−0.040	<0.001 *	−0.037	<0.001 *
BMI	0.009	<0.001 *	0.007	<0.001 *	0.012	<0.001 *	0.008	<0.001 *	0.011	<0.001 *	-	-
SBP	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	−0.004	0.005 *
ALB	-	-	−0.019	0.002 *	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
ALP	−0.007	<0.001 *	−0.003	0.001 *	−0.003	0.036 *	-	-	-	-	−0.005	<0.001 *
eGFR	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	−0.001	<0.001 *	-	-
TCH	-	-	-	-	-	-	−0.001	0.002 *	-	-	-	-

ALB: albumin (g/dL); ALP: alkaline phosphatase (10 IU/L); β: regression parameter coefficient estimate; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m²); SBP: systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg); TCH: total cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL). * p < 0.05.