Table 2.
Cox model hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure to air pollution for osteoporosis-related fracture incidence, by air pollutant (n = 56,467).
| Exposure (IQR) | HR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-yr Moving Average with No Lag | 2-yr Moving Average with No Lag | 3-yr Moving Average with No Lag | 2-yr Moving Average with a 1-yr Lag | |
| PM10 (13.7μg/m3) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.944, 1.07) |
| SO2 (2 ppb) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
| CO (0.192 ppm) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) |
| NO2 (0.012 ppm) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) |
| O3 (0.007 ppm) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) |
Note: All models adjusted for age, sex, diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or secondary causes of osteoporosis during the follow-up period, exposure to oral glucocorticoids in the prior year, use of anti-osteoporosis agents, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, household income-based insurance fee, BMI, smoking status, high alcohol intake, and frequency of exercise per week.