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Cytokine expression in peripheral blood of patients with RSA. The concentration of (a) IL-6, (b) IL-12, (c) TGF-β, and (d) IL-10 in the serum of NP women (n = 22) and RSA patients (n = 20) was determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed by unpaired Student's t-test. Mean ± SD are shown. ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. NP: normal pregnancy; RSA: recurrent spontaneous abortion.
