Table 1. Fertilization status of IVF embryos derived from frozen-thawed semen prepared with GSH-supplemented semen freezing extender.
| GSH concentration |
No. of oocyte (% total) |
No. of oocyte (% penetrated) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sperm penetration | Normal fertilization | Polyspermic fertilization | Male PN formation |
||||
| 9 h after IVF | 18 h after IVF | ||||||
| 0 mM | 93 / 113 (82.3) | 65 / 93 (69.9) | 27 / 93 (29.0) | 17 / 41 (41.5) b | 50 / 52 (96.2) | ||
| 1 mM | 66 / 83 (79.5) | 42 / 66 (63.6) | 21 / 66 (31.8) | 18 / 25 (72.0) a | 40 / 41 (97.6) | ||
| 5 mM | 91 / 108 (84.3) | 56 / 91 (61.5) | 31 / 91 (34.1) | 26 / 32 (81.3) a | 58 / 59 (98.3) | ||
| 10 mM | 75 / 90 (83.3) | 49 / 75 (65.3) | 25 / 75 (33.3) | 34 / 40 (85.0) a | 34 / 35 (97.1) | ||
Frozen-thawed semen samples from Bull 1 were subjected to a fertilization status test. PN, pronuclei, and pronucleus. Samples were fixed at 9 h (three replicates) and 18 h (eight to ten replicates) after IVF. Spermatozoa were considered to have the ability to penetrate and fertilize when male PN and/or sperm heads with the contributing sperm tails were observed inside the oocyte. The presence of one sperm head and female chromosome or one male and one female PN were considered to indicate normal fertilization. Two or more sperm heads and/or male PNs were considered to indicate polyspermy. Spermatozoa were considered to have the ability to decondense and form male PN when enlarged male PN was present in the cytoplasm.