TFH function: IL-21 potential and enhanced GCB development is driven by Ag recognition during the effector phase. (A) Experiment design as in Fig. 1A. Percentage of spleen donor cells expressing intracellular IL-21 (n = 9 per group pooled, 2 independent experiments). (B) Experimental design: In vivo-generated 6-d OT-II.Thy1.1+ effectors were transferred into 2-dpi PR8-OVAII-infected or PR8-infected mice. Groups of 2-dpi PR8-OVAII-infected and PR8-infected mice, with no cells transferred served as negative controls. Spleens from these mice were analyzed 4 dpt. (C) Percentage and numbers of HA+ GCB. (n = 8 to 12 per group pooled, 2 to 3 independent experiments). Error bars represent SEM. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t test (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant).