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. 2021 Aug 11;26(12):7425–7435. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01246-3

Fig. 5. Ketamine and (2R, 6R)-HNK exert A1R-dependent rapid antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test.

Fig. 5

a Intraperitoneal administration of ketamine or (2 R, 6 R)-HNK (30 min; 15 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in FST (N = 7 vehicle; N = 8 ketamine; N = 8 HNK mice) that could be prevented by 30 min pre-treatment with 2 mg/kg DPCPX (N = 8 DPCPX; N = 8 DPCPX/ketamine; N = 7 DPCPX/HNK). Statistical significance was assessed using two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD; interaction F (2, 39) = 2.48, p = 0.097; drug F = 3.85, p = 0.029; DPCPX F = 0.142, p = 0.708. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. b Data in (a) presented as a delta of immobility and expressed as % of vehicle treated animals. Two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD; interaction F (1, 27) = 0.239, p = 0.629; drug F = 0.262, p = 0.613; DPCPX F = 12.28, p = 0.002. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. c Intraperitoneal administration of ketamine or (2 R, 6 R)-HNK (30 min; 15 mg/kg) does not affect locomotor activity behavior in the open field. Furthermore, there is no difference in total distance with or without 2 mg/kg DPCPX pre-treatment. Number of animals in all groups N = 8. Two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD; interaction F (2, 42) = 1.063, p = 0.354; drug F = 0.100, p = 0.905; DPCPX F = 0.251, p = 0.619. All data were normalized to the mean of the control group and expressed as mean ± SEM.