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. 2021 Sep 28;26(12):7403–7416. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01304-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — OST limits alcohol consumption and has beneficial effects on emotional behaviour. a Blood OST levels are upregulated in mice with reduced neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) activity (fro) (n = 6 per group). Data are expressed as means + s.e.m. (*P < 0.05 vs. wild type (WT). b Chronic administration of OST (0.03 µg/30 g/h, s.c.) in naive C57Bl6J mice for 28 days via osmotic mini pumps attenuated alcohol consumption in a two-bottle free-choice test, but (c) did not affect total fluid intake (n = 8 per group). d–g Chronic OST had no effect on anxiety-related behaviour in mice in the elevated plus maze (EPM) or open field (OF) tests, but (h) reduced depression-like behaviour in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) (n = 7–8 per group). Data are expressed as means ± s.e.m. (*P < 0.05, vs. vehicle (veh) control; OA open arm).