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. 2021 Aug 24;26(12):7200–7210. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01240-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — More trials to criterion signifies worse performance. Asterisks represent significance at p < 0.05. Error bars represent ±1 standard error of the mean. a Impairment in Reversal 2 of the reward-punishment condition (R-P). b Impairments in Reversals 1 and 2 of the reward-neutral condition (R-N). c No differences in instrumental performance in the punishment-neutral condition (P–N). d No differences in instrumental performance in the neutral-neutral condition (N–N).