Table 1.
Patient characteristics, stratified by teleneurology utilization during the COVID period.
| Characteristic | Overall | Had a TN visit | Did not have a TN visit | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 14,170) | (N = 4,944 (34.9%)) | (N = 9,226 (65.1%)) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), years | 59 (39–72) | 54 (37–69) | 61 (41–74) | <0.0001 |
| Female sex | 8,562 (60.4) | 3,058 (61.8) | 5,504 (59.7) | 0.0109 |
| Race * | <0.0001 | |||
| Native American | 25 (0.18) | 10 (0.2) | 15 (0.2) | |
| Asian | 564 (4.0) | 197 (4.0) | 367 (4.0) | |
| Black or African American | 2,245 (15.8) | 617 (12.5) | 1,628 (17.6) | |
| Pacific Islander | 70 (0.5) | 17 (0.4) | 53 (0.6) | |
| Not reported | 3,374 (23.8) | 879 (17.8) | 2,495 (27.0) | |
| White | 7,894 (55.7) | 3,225 (65.2) | 4,669 (50.6) | |
| Preferred language | <0.0001 | |||
| Non-English | 1,006 (7.1) | 146 (2.9) | 860 (9.3) | |
| English | 13,080 (92.3) | 4,785 (96.7) | 8,295 (89.9) | |
| Unknown | 84 (0.6) | 13 (0.3) | 71 (0.8) | |
| Insurance coverage | <0.0001 | |||
| Commercial | 5,919 (41.8) | 2,603 (52.6) | 3,316 (35.9) | |
| Medicaid | 1,859 (13.1) | 392 (7.9) | 1,467 (15.9) | |
| Medicare | 5,447 (38.4) | 1,608 (32.5) | 3,839 (41.6) | |
| Other | 351 (2.5) | 129 (2.6) | 222 (2.4) | |
| Unknown | 594 (4.2) | 212 (4.3) | 382 (4.1) | |
| ZIP code AGI per household, median (IQR), $US | 86,910 (53,908–179,965) | 98,802 (60,604–220,597) | 79,321 (52,981–173,596) | <0.0001 |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index | <0.0001 | |||
| 0 | 9,121 (64.4) | 3,544 (71.7) | 5,577 (60.4) | |
| 1 | 2,834 (20.0) | 842 (17.0) | 1,992 (21.6) | |
| 2 | 1,091 (7.7) | 298 (6.0) | 793 (8.6) | |
| ≥3 | 1,124 (7.9) | 260 (5.3) | 864 (9.4) | |
| Health utilization during COVID19 period** | ||||
| ≥1 office visit | 4,577 (32.3) | 1,645 (33.3) | 2,932 (31.8) | 0.0701 |
| ≥1 telephone visit | 2,093 (14.8) | 707 (14.3) | 1,386 (15.0) | 0.2479 |
| ≥1 ED visit | 1,314 (9.3) | 351 (7.1) | 963 (10.4) | <0.0001 |
| ≥1 hospital admission | 885 (6.3) | 304 (6.1) | 581 (6.3) | 0.7276 |
| Lost to follow-up | 4,997 (35.3) | 0 (0.0) | 4,997 (54.2) | <0.0001 |
Data are reported as N (%) unless otherwise noted.
*
Race variable is imputed as described in Methods. **Percentages may not add to 100% since categories are not mutually exclusive.
COVID19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range; AGI, adjusted gross income; ED, emergency department.